Source: admin Time: 2023-03-03

　

Summary of International Air Transport Knowledge

Air transport has won a considerable market share with its speed, safety, punctuality and super high efficiency, greatly shortening the delivery time and greatly promoting the capital turnover and circulation of the logistics supply chain. Major airlines have successively invested in a large number of flights to share the cargo transportation pie. However, air transport is more expensive than sea transport and has a high time requirement.

 

Eight elements of air freight inquiry

1. Product name (whether it is dangerous goods)

2. Weight (involving charges), volume (size and whether the goods are bulky)

3. Packaging (whether it is a wooden box, with or without a pallet)

4. Destination airport (basic or not)

5. Requested time (direct flight or connecting flight)

6. Requested flights (differences in services and prices for each flight)

7. Type of bill of lading (master bill and house bill)

8. Required transportation services (customs declaration method, documents to be handled, whether customs clearance and delivery are required, etc.)

 

Air freight is divided into heavy goods and bulky goods. In air freight, the conversion factor for calculating volume weight is generally 1:167, that is, one cubic meter is approximately equal to 167 kilograms, 1CBM=167KG.Compare the volumetric weight with the actual weight and charge according to the larger one.

 

Air freight structure

There are many people doing air transport. Do you know how the airlines calculate the air freight rates? Here is a brief introduction, hoping it will be helpful to you.

 

 

1. Airfreight (charged by airlines)

2. Fuel sur charge(Prices vary depending on the airport and destination. Hong Kong is generally around $4 now, previously $3.6, and last year the highest was $4.8. The price is adjusted by the airport. Generally, it is $2 to Asia.)

3. Security inspection fee(Hong Kong charges a fixed fee of 1 yuan/kg)

4. Airport operation fee(HKD283/ticket in Hong Kong, the airport is responsible for transporting the goods to the plane, etc.)

5. Terminal fees:1.72/kg When the goods are handed over to the dealer, the dealer is responsible for boarding and other matters, and finally the airport will collect them)

6. Aviation master bill fee:HKD15/bl is the fee for issuing the bill of lading – the certificate of title.

 

The above introduction is the composition of the cost calculation of most airlines, mainly Hong Kong Airport. Because Hong Kong is a super-large free trade port, and Hong Kong Airport is the largest airport in the world, with fewer restrictions, a wide range, and many cargo planes. There are 78 airlines. There are more than 100 flights every day. If the space and service are guaranteed, it can be the first choice. However, the cost is generally higher than that in China.

 

 

Common terms for air transport

ATA/ATD（Actual Time of Arrival / Actual Time of Departure）

The abbreviation for the actual arrival/departure time.

 

Air Waybill (AWB)

A document issued by or on behalf of the shipper that serves as proof of the carriage of goods between the shipper and the carrier.

 

Baggage, Unaccompanied

Baggage that is not carry-on but checked in, and baggage that is delivered as checked baggage.

 

Bonded Warehouse

In such warehouses, goods can be stored for an unlimited period without paying import duties.

 

Bulk Cargo

Loose cargo that is not palletized or packed in containers.

 

CAO （Cargo for Freighter Only）

The abbreviation for "Cargo Aircraft Only", which means that the cargo can only be transported on cargo aircraft.

 

Charges Collect

List the charges to the consignee on the air waybill.

 

Charges Prepaid）

List the charges paid by the shipper on the air waybill.

 

Chargeable Weight

The weight used to calculate air freight charges. The chargeable weight can be the volumetric weight or, when the cargo is loaded in a carrier, the total weight of the load minus the weight of the carrier.

 

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freightage)

Refers to "Cost, Insurance and Freight", which is C&F plus insurance that the seller purchases for loss and damage to the goods. The seller must contract with the insurer and pay the premium.

 

Consignee

The person named on the air waybill as receiving cargo shipped by a carrier.

 

Consignment

The carrier receives one or more pieces of cargo from the shipper at a certain time and place, and carries them to a certain destination under a single air waybill.

 

Consignor

Equivalent to the shipper.

 

Consolidated Consignment

A shipment of cargo consisting of cargo from two or more consignors, each of whom has signed an air freight contract with a consolidation agent.

 

Consolidator

A person or organization that groups goods into a consolidated shipment.

 

COSAC （Community Systems for Air Cargo）

"High-Sensitivity" is the abbreviation of the computer system. It is the information and central logistics management computer system of Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited.

 

Customs

A government agency responsible for collecting import and export duties, prohibiting smuggling and narcotics trafficking and abuse (called the Hong Kong Customs in Hong Kong)

 

Customs Code

A code added by the Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department (C&ED) to a batch of goods to indicate the customs clearance result or what customs clearance action is required by the cargo terminal operator/consignee.

 

Customs Clearance

Customs formalities that must be completed for the transportation or collection of goods at the place of origin, in transit and at the destination.

 

Dangerous Goods

Dangerous goods are articles or substances that may pose a significant threat to health, safety or property when transported by air.

 

Declared Value for Carriage

The value of goods declared by the shipper to the carrier for the purpose of determining freight or setting the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay.

 

Declared Value for Customs

Applicable to the value of goods declared to the customs for the purpose of determining the amount of customs duties.

 

Disbursements

A fee paid by a carrier to an agent or other carrier and then charged by the final carrier to the consignee. These fees are usually collected to pay the freight and incidental expenses incurred by the agent or other carrier in transporting the goods.

 

EDIFACT （Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transportation）

EDIFACT is an acronym for "Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport". It is an international standard for message syntax for electronic data interchange.

 

Embargo

It means that the carrier refuses to carry any commodity, any type or grade of cargo on any route or part of it or accepts transit to or from any region or place within a certain period of time.

 

ETA/ETD （Estimated Time of Arrival / Estimated Time of Departure）

Abbreviation for estimated time of arrival/departure.

 

Export License

A government licensing document that authorizes the holder (shipper) to export specified merchandise to a specific destination.

 

FIATA (International Federation of Freight Forwarders and Related Associations)

FIATA Licensee - A member licensed to issue FIATA documents [FIATA Bill of Lading (FBL) "as Carrier" & Forwarders Certificate of Receipt (FCR)] in Hong Kong. Covered by freight forwarder liability insurance (minimum liability limit: US$250,000).

 

FOB (Free on Board)

Under the terms of "free on board", the goods are loaded by the seller at the port of loading specified in the sales contract. The risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail (that is, after leaving the dock and being placed on the ship), and the loading and unloading costs are paid by the seller.

 

FOB Airport

This term is similar to the general FOB term. The risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the seller hands the goods over to the air carrier at the departure airport.

 

Forwarder

An agent or company that provides services (such as collection, forwarding, or delivery) to secure and facilitate the transportation of goods.

 

Gross Weight

The total weight of a shipment, including the weight of the box and packaging materials.

 

HAFFA （Hong Kong Air Freight Forwarding Association）

The abbreviation of Hong Kong Freight Forwarding Association Limited (HAFFA), founded in 1966, is a non-profit organization that promotes, protects and develops Hong Kong's freight transportation industry.

 

Freight Forwarder Air Waybill (HAWB) (House Air Waybill)

This document covers the individual pieces of cargo in a consolidated shipment and is issued by the consolidater of the consolidated shipment and includes instructions to the deconsolidation agent.

 

IATA （International Air Transport Association）

Abbreviation for International Air Transport Association. IATA is an organization for the air transport industry, providing services to airlines, passengers, shippers, travel agents and governments. The association aims to promote air transport safety and standardization (baggage checks, air tickets, weight lists) and assist in the determination of international air transport charges. IATA is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

 

Import Licence

A government licensing document that allows the holder (consignee) to import specified goods.

 

Marks

Marks on the packaging of goods used to identify the goods or indicate relevant information of the owner.

 

Master Air Waybill

This is an air waybill covering a consignment of cargo, with the consignor listed as the consignor.

 

Neutral Air Waybill

A standard air waybill that does not name a carrier.

 

Perishable Cargo

Goods that are perishable within a specific period or under adverse temperature, humidity or other environmental conditions.

 

Prepacked Cargo

Goods that have been packed in a carrier by the shipper before being submitted to the terminal operator.

 

Reception Checklist List

A document issued by a freight terminal operator when accepting cargo from a shipper.

 

Regulated Agent Regime

It is a system where the government conducts security checks on all air freight agents.

 

Shipment Release Form

A document issued by a carrier to a consignee to collect cargo from a freight terminal operator.

 

Shipper

The person or company specified in a cargo transportation contract to ship the goods to the consignee.

 

Shipper's Certificate for live animals/dangerous goods

Declaration by the shipper - a statement that his cargo has been properly packed and accurately described to make it suitable for air transportation in accordance with the latest version of IATA rules and all carrier regulations and government regulations.

 

Shipper's Letter of Instruction

A document containing instructions from a shipper or the shipper's agent for the preparation of documents and shipment of goods.

 

STA/STD （Schedule Time of Arrival / Schedule Time of Departure）

Estimated time of arrival/departure

 

TACT （The Air Cargo Tariff）

Abbreviation for the "Air Cargo Tariff" published by International Aviation Press (IAP) in cooperation with the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

 

Tariff

The price, charges and/or conditions charged by a carrier for transporting your freight. Freight schedules vary by country, weight of freight and/or carrier.

 

Unit Load Device

Any type of container or pallet used to transport goods.

 

Valuable Cargo

Goods with a declared gross value equal to or exceeding USD 1,000 per kilogram, such as gold and diamonds.

 

Valuation Charge

A freight transport charge based on the value of the goods declared at the time of shipment.

 

Vulnerable Cargo

Goods with no declared value but which obviously require careful handling, or goods which are particularly vulnerable to theft.

 

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